Layoffs by the Trump administration at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have reached the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), a small but important institute that is responsible for climate models the world relies on.

Kai-Yuan Cheng, an atmospheric scientist who was notified of his firing late last week, said he rushed to finish his work on severe storm forecasting on one hour’s notice.

“I worked to the last minute of my federal employment,” Cheng said, as Science reported. “I tried my best to wrap up my work before I lost access.”

Cheng and nine other GFDL employees were fired from the Princeton, New Jersey, research center, as part of a far-reaching round of layoffs announced by the Trump administration late last month.

Started in 1955, GFDL is responsible for some of the planet’s most highly regarded climate and weather models. They are relied upon for global heating projections, as well as weather forecasting in the United States.

Several of the workers who were fired were in charge of crucial projects, and it is likely that several GFDL projects — including a new type of atmospheric model — will face delays, as will more accurate regional climate predictions.

Tom Di Liberto, an NOAA climate scientist and public affairs specialist who was laid off, told the American Institute of Physics (AIP) that seven of the 25 employees at the Office of Communications had been fired. Additionally, 11 employees were fired from the Environmental Modeling Center.

“Some would say we were already falling behind some of our modeling, and by firing folks like this here, there’s no way you can catch up,” Di Liberto said in a press release from AIP. “It’s a weird way of making America great.”

Last week, the Trump administration fired from 600 to 900 NOAA employees, most of whom were new or recently promoted “probationary” workers.

The American Meteorological Society earlier this week warned that the firings “are likely to cause irreparable harm and have far-reaching consequences for public safety, economic well-being, and the United States’ global leadership.”

The firings have impacted all of NOAA’s labs, which provide research on subjects as diverse as upper-atmospheric pollution and evidence of global warming in the deepest parts of the ocean, reported Science.

Of special concern to GFDL is the latest version of its atmospheric model, AM5. The new model is designed to run at higher frequencies and resolutions, and allows for the use of long-term climate change code to be used in seasonal weather forecasts. The updates required the reworking of model simulations of factors like rainfall, clouds, gravity waves and stratospheric ozone.

Scheduled to be completed this year, AM5 was expected to be the basis of GFDL’s future climate modeling efforts globally, with applications from United Nations climate change reports to insurance companies.

Sources told Science that two scientists who were central to AM5, including one lead, have been fired. Both had been employed as contractors for many years before they were officially hired.

One had given up their citizenship for the job. The researcher will likely stay on to work at the lab on a volunteer basis, hopeful that AM5 will be completed, with likely delays. The researcher said they left the country of their birth partially due to its authoritarian politics, adding that it was ironic and sad to witness similar dynamics coming to the U.S.

“I feel somewhat helpless. I want to push back. I want to do something,” the researcher said.

Some of the firings could face legal challenges, as happened at the National Science Foundation.

In an indication of possible backtracking, the Trump administration issued new guidelines on Tuesday stating that agencies, rather than the White House Office of Personnel Management, were the ultimate authority on whether to implement the firings.

Chris Bretherton, the atmospheric scientist in charge of nonprofit Ai2’s climate modeling, said it was disheartening to watch future climate research leaders at institutions like GFDL being indiscriminately fired.

“Artificial intelligence,” Bretherton said, “cannot compensate for a lack of human intelligence.”

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A new executive order signed by President Donald Trump over the weekend could have a disastrous effect on endangered species, climate change and local economies, warned conservation groups.

The order encouraging the “Immediate Expansion of American Timber Production” seeks to erode Endangered Species Act (ESA) protection rules in favor of the expansion of tree felling across 280 million acres of United States national forests, as well as other public lands, for timber, reported The Guardian.

“This Trump executive order is the most blatant attempt in American history by a president to hand over federal public lands to the logging industry,” said wildfire scientist Chad Hanson with the John Muir Project. “What’s worse, the executive order is built on a lie, as Trump falsely claims that more logging will curb wildfires and protect communities, while the overwhelming weight of evidence shows exactly the opposite.”

The order goes as far as setting an annual target for the amount of timber offered for sale, along with other measures, which could lead to widespread clear-cutting, a press release from Earthjustice said.

The announcement follows last week’s appointment of Tom Schultz as the new chief of the U.S. Forest Service. Schultz is a former executive of timber company Idaho Forest Group.

“Naming a corporate lobbyist to run the agency tasked with overseeing the last old growth left in the U.S. makes it clear that the Trump administration’s goal isn’t to preserve our national forests, but to sell them off to billionaires and corporate polluters,” said Anna Medema, Sierra Club’s associate director of legislative and administrative advocacy for forests and public lands, as The Guardian reported.

The action is similar to a recent move by Trump that used an obscure committee to advance fossil fuel projects that put threatened species at risk. According to experts, this disregard for ESA rules is likely illegal.

The order says it is “vital” to reverse what it calls “heavy-handed federal policies” and “increase domestic timber production to protect our national and economic security.”

“This executive order sets in motion a chainsaw free-for-all on our federal forests. Americans treasure our forests for all the benefits they provide, such as recreation, clean air, and clean drinking water. But this order ignores these values and opens the door for wild lands to be plundered, for nothing more than corporate gain. In the long run, this will worsen the effects of climate change, while also destroying critical wildlife habitat,” said Blaine Miller-McFeeley, senior legislative representative of the Earthjustice policy and legislation team, in the press release.

Trump’s latest executive order specifies that logging projects can be expedited if they are purportedly intended to reduce wildfire risk by “thinning” vegetation, reported The Guardian. However, the razing of forests, especially those with established, fire-resistant trees, has been said by scientists to actually increase the risk of fast-moving wildfires.

Hanson explained that logging creates drier and hotter conditions that alter a forest’s microclimate, helping wildfires to spread faster.

“People deserve smart, science-driven solutions that truly protect their forests and communities, but don’t let it fool you – President Trump’s forest executive order isn’t the solution. It’s a short-sighted giveaway for extractive industries,” said Josh Hicks, director of conservation campaigns for The Wilderness Society.

The ESA laws that Trump is attempting to circumvent protect roughly 400 species that live in national forests, including threatened and near-threatened species such as grizzly bears, wild salmon and spotted owls.

Environmental groups warned that increased logging could also pollute millions of people’s water supply.

“Trump’s order will unleash the chainsaws and bulldozers on our federal forests. Clearcutting these beautiful places will increase fire risk, drive species to extinction, pollute our rivers and streams, and destroy world-class recreation sites,” said Randi Spivak, the Center for Biological Diversity’s public lands policy director. “This is a particularly horrific move by Trump to loot our public lands by handing the keys to big business.”

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The transition to cleaner vehicles is progressing in Europe, where 49% of new city buses across EU countries in 2024 were zero-emission models instead of fossil fuel-powered vehicles, according to a new analysis from European Federation for Transport and Environment (T&E).

The increase beat the previous year, which found that 36% of new city buses in the EU for 2023 were battery-electric. For 2024, battery-electric buses made up 46% of new EU buses, while fuel-cell models made up 3%, a faster increase than expected.

In June 2024, T&E estimated that the rate of clean vehicle adoption for city buses would reach 100% zero emissions in the sector by 2027. Based on the 2024 results, T&E reported, “At this growth rate, city buses are on track to reach fully ZE sales by 2027.”

The analysis determined two factors that have helped improve the transition toward more zero-emission buses: new European regulations established in 2024 as well as more local policies at the city-level. Fleet targets, low- and zero-emission zones, and similar actions have helped cities adopt more zero-emission vehicles. A small increase in sales, about 3% or double the rate sold in 2023, of fuel cell hydrogen buses also played a role.

Based on the rapid adoption of cleaner buses, T&E now predicts that the city bus sector will reach zero emissions faster than both the EU’s Clean Vehicles Directive — which mandates an average of about 32% zero-emissions procurement for heavy-duty vehicles for 2026 through 2030 – and the updated carbon dioxide standards for trucks and buses — which requires bus sales to be 90% zero-emission vehicles by 2030 and 100% by 2035.

“For city residents, that means quieter streets and cleaner air,” T&E reported.

Although the overall outlook for clean vehicle transition is positive, T&E noted that some countries are leading these efforts while others are falling short of targets. The Netherlands, Finland and Iceland already achieved 100% battery-electric city bus sales in 2024, while Spain, which sells more than 1,000 new buses per year, reached 57% of new bus sales as zero-emission models last year.

Other leading markets include the UK, with 56% of new bus sales in 2024 as zero emissions and Italy with 44%.

One of the most impressive improvements from the 2023 reports on zero-emission EU buses happened in Estonia. According to the T&E analysis, Estonia was at the bottom of the list in 2023 for percentage of new bus sales that were zero emissions. In 2024, however, the country reached 84% of all new city bus sales as battery-electric.

This example could serve as inspiration for other countries that fell lower in the rankings for 2024, including Slovakia, Austria, Czechia, Hungary and Croatia, all of which were also considered to be slower adopters of clean buses based on T&E data from 2021 through 2024.

Still, with increasing fulfillment of zero emission buses around Europe, T&E has predicted the adoption rates will also rise in countries that are lower in recent rankings.

“If, as we predict, 2025 marks the turning point where more than half of new city buses are zero-emission, we should see the transition accelerate accordingly in trailing countries,” T&E reported.

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In a new program launched on Friday, England will soon release beavers into its waterways. The return of the “ecosystem engineers” to the wild signals a renewed respect for an animal that was once hunted to extinction.

Eurasian beavers have been extinct in Britain since the 16th century, when they were killed for their meat, fur and castor sacs — glands that secrete castoreum, an oily, strong-smelling substance that was widely used in the making of perfumes, reported AFP.

“After centuries of absence, beavers are beginning to reclaim their rightful place in the English landscape,” a press release from Natural England said. “The beaver’s ability to transform and revitalise our degraded landscape is extraordinary. Natural England believes that their successful reintroduction will play a vital part in restoring rivers and wetlands, addressing the nature crisis and contributing to the delivery of national biodiversity targets including the creation of wildlife-rich habitats and halting the decline in species abundance.”

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The United Kingdom’s government said the release of the industrious rodents would be carefully managed, AFP reported.

In recent years, smaller populations of beavers were reintroduced in enclosures as part of a more extensive “rewilding” effort. Following some illegal releases and escapes, roughly 500 are thought to already be living in England’s wildlands.

Beavers are considered a “keystone species” by biologists for their ability to reshape the surrounding environment by building dams and pools, which benefit other wildlife while helping to prevent drought and flooding.

“Restoring nature means restoring whole ecosystems, and few can beat the beaver in helping bring landscapes to life,” said Richard Benwell, chief executive of Wildlife and Countryside Link, as reported by The Guardian. “Their eco-engineering creates diverse habitats that are great for local communities and for wildlife. It’s high time for wild releases and excellent that the government is making progress.”

A beaver-created wetland. Beavers create and restore wetland habitats, providing a haven for many species to thrive. Alan Puttock / University of Exeter

The reintroduction efforts have been controversial in Britain, as farmers worry about how the beavers will impact their land, AFP reported.

Tom Bradshaw, head of the National Farmers’ Union, made the argument that landowners need to have the right to use “lethal control” if beavers “end up in the wrong place.”

The new program specifies that “as a last resort, beavers may be trapped and translocated or lethally controlled.”

“Reintroducing beavers is a complex process that requires careful planning and collaboration. Natural England’s licensing approach and criteria aim to achieve a measured pace of reintroduction, and prioritise areas where beavers can thrive without causing significant conflicts with people, agriculture and infrastructure,” the press release said.

Each beaver rewilding proposal is required to provide a 10-year plan in support of their return. The government has pledged to help farmers who make space for the animals on their land.

“The first project that we have licensed for wild release is the National Trust’s Purbeck Beaver Project in Dorset – where beavers are expected to deliver many benefits across the Purbeck Heaths National Nature Reserve including increasing biodiversity, restoring lost wetland habitats and improving the condition of the protected sites across the area. The project was assessed against beaver wild release criteria which have been developed through extensive engagement with stakeholders, in particular with the Environment Agency staff in our integrated project team,” Natural England said.

One of the most nature-depleted areas on the planet, the UK has lost nearly half of its wild species in recent decades, a 2021 parliamentary report said.

Dr. Roisin Campbell-Palmer, head of restoration at the Beaver Trust, called for the widespread granting of licenses, saying the reintroduction effort was a “landmark moment,” reported AFP.

Roisin said England was “generations behind the rest of Europe,” where countries like France, Belgium, Switzerland, Spain and Germany have come up with plans to help beavers reestablish themselves.

“Reintroducing beavers to the wild is a critical milestone for this government’s plan to protect and restore our natural world,” said Minister for Nature Mary Creagh.

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The Trump administration fired roughly 800 employees of the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) on Thursday, with more layoffs possible.

An email from the U.S. Department of Commerce Thursday afternoon informed employees that they would lose their jobs the same day, reported The Guardian.

“The majority of probationary employees in my office have been with the agency for 10+ years and just got new positions,” said a worker who was still employed and spoke to The Guardian under condition of anonymity. “If we lose them, we’re losing not just the world-class work they do day to day but also decades of expertise and institutional knowledge.”

Many recently terminated employees of NOAA and other United States government agencies had years of tenure, but were on probationary status due to having worked as contractors before recently becoming federal employees, The Washington Post reported.

In many cases, fired employees had years of tenure working with the agencies, but they were on probationary status because they had been working as contractors and had only recently become federal employees.

Andrew Hazelton, a physical scientist with the National Weather Service (NWS), is a veteran of NOAA Hurricane Hunters missions, during which he flew through dangerous storms to collect data for improved forecasting.

“Unfortunately I can confirm the rumors going around today since I received ‘the email,’” Hazelton wrote on X. “I don’t want to make any comments other than I am exploring legal options in a couple of avenues.”

Most NOAA divisions, which employ specialists in weather, biodiversity, climate, oceans and other research and monitoring fields, were affected, reported CNN.

Probationary employees who had in most cases been on the job a year or less were fired, a NWS employee told CNN. The weather service employs from 350 to 375 people with that status, though it wasn’t clear how many of them had been impacted. The source had heard some exemptions were given to crucial positions, like those involved with forecasting life-threatening disasters such as severe thunderstorms and hurricanes.

The NOAA termination letters said, “The Agency finds you are not fit for continued employment because your ability, knowledge and/or skills do not fit the Agency’s current needs.”

An anonymous NOAA employee said Americans who rely on the climate data, forecasting and sustainably monitored fisheries of the agency would suffer, in addition to the laid-off workers, The Guardian reported.

“Words can’t describe the impact this will have, both on us at NOAA and on the country,” the employee said. “It’s just wrong all around.”

The mission of NWS is to “protect lives and property,” but the agency has long been understaffed, reported CNN.

As the accelerating climate crisis causes more frequent extreme weather, critics of the Trump administration’s plan to pare down the agency have said layoff would make it harder for the country to accurately forecast costly and often deadly events like tornadoes and hurricanes.

Former NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad said the cuts were “at best misguided and ill-informed,” The Guardian reported.

At worst, Spinrad said, they would be “dangerously risky to the lives and property of Americans all around the country.”

Craig McLean, former NOAA research director and an employee of the agency for four decades, called the terminations “callous, insulting, vengeful and offensive.”

“The nation will be compromised in safety, science and international standing,” McLean said. “This is not my America.”

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